Muramyl dipeptide
نویسنده
چکیده
T robust expression of microbial pattern recognition receptors such as TLR4 and Nod2 in intestinal stem cells reflects an active communication dynamic between the host and the gut microbiota. A new study reveals that muramyl dipeptide, the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan motif, activates Nod2 within crypt base columnar Lgr5positive stem cells and promotes their survival. Apart from the immediate relevance to the growth of organoids for in vitro experiments, the study raises new questions about the molecular mechanisms whereby gut microbes influence intestinal physiology.
منابع مشابه
Activation of mouse peritoneal adherent cells with N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives.
The effect of N-acyl derivatives of muramyl dipeptide (N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) on the activation of peritoneal adherent cells (PAC) in vivo and on the stimulation of nonspecific host resistance against Escherichia coli infection was examined in comparison with the effect of 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide. N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives increased the release of hydrogen p...
متن کاملMarked enhancement in vivo of adjuvant activity of muramyl dipeptide to protein antigens and to synthetic weak immunogens with monoclonal anti-muramyl dipeptide antibodies.
Priming of mice with complexes of antigen coupled to muramyl dipeptide and monoclonal anti-muramyl dipeptide antibodies enhanced the adjuvant activity of muramyl dipeptide on the humoral response to the antigen. The enhancement did not occur with free (uncoupled) muramyl dipeptide and required the presence of an adjuvant-active hapten within the complex as well as the Fc fragment of the monoclo...
متن کاملSynergism between muramyl dipeptide and lipopolysaccharide in the inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured rat costal chondrocytes.
The effect of synthetic muramyl dipeptide on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured rat costal chondrocytes was examined. Muramyl dipeptide alone had no effect on the glycosaminoglycan synthesis of rat chondrocytes, whereas Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and interleukin 1 alpha inhibited glycosaminoglycan synthesis in a dose dependent manner. Muramyl dipeptide, when added to chondrocyte c...
متن کاملPathogen Sensing by Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-containing Protein 2 (NOD2) Is Mediated by Direct Binding to Muramyl Dipeptide and ATP*
Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2/Card15) is an intracellular protein that is involved in the recognition of bacterial cell wall-derived muramyl dipeptide. Mutations in the gene encoding NOD2 are associated with inherited inflammatory disorders, including Crohn disease and Blau syndrome. NOD2 is a member of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich re...
متن کاملNew conjugates of muramyl dipeptide and nor-muramyl dipeptide linked to tuftsin and retro-tuftsin derivatives significantly influence their biological activity.
The synthesis and biological activity of new conjugates of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and nor-muramyl dipeptide (nor-MDP) with tuftsin and retro-tuftsin derivatives containing isopeptide bond between ε-amino group of lysine and carboxyl group of simple amino acids such as Ala, Gly and Val are presented. We presumed, based on the cytokine profile, that the examined conjugates of tuftsin and MDP wer...
متن کاملEnhancement in anti-Semliki Forest virus activity of ds RNA by a muramyl dipeptide.
Antiviral activity of an interferon-inducing mycoviral ds RNA against Semliki Forest virus infection was considerably enhanced by N-palmitoylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (PMDP), a new muramyl dipeptide. This enhancement in activity was not due to increased production of interferon, but resulted probably from a PMDP-induced increase in nonspecific resistance to infection. These results indica...
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